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		<title>畢嵐杰的數位歷程檔 - 最新文章</title>
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		<title>人類與環境系列1：史前時期</title>
		<link>http://lms.hust.edu.tw/7935/doc/24772</link>
		<description>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: 30pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;您有看過《史前一萬年》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;(10,000 BC)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;這部電影嗎？集科幻、驚奇、冒險多種元素於一身，隨處可見荒蕪的沙漠，茂密的森林，充滿神秘色彩的族群部落；成群結隊的史前生物、人獸間的赤身肉搏。然而電影中所描述的這些稀奇古怪的大型動物，從長毛象&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;(Mammoth)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;、劍齒虎（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;Smilodon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;）到巨鳥獸，它們是真是假？引發我一探究竟之心，根據翻閱相關文獻資料顯示它們確實曾經存在過；不過，是否如電影所述在公元前一萬年存在是存疑的。反正看電影毋須太過認真，把它當作一部娛樂片欣賞即可。但是人類與環境之間的關係必須認真瞭解探討，首部曲將從史前時期開始談起&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;人類進展&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: 30pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;所謂歷史，是人類對自己做為物種的全部紀錄。在過去莫約&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年中，人類為一個整體，尚不曾遭遇滅絕的危機。現代人類是以「智人」這個名稱代表充分進化的現代人類，如果他們刮掉鬍子，穿上現代衣裳，走在街上，我們絕不會多看他們一眼，把他們當作怪物。智人究竟何時出現在地球上，這個問題尚未獲得定論，一般學者推論分布在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年至&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年間。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: 30pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;根據化石紀錄顯示，人類經歷的進化過程整個約&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;350&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬年之久，為方便學術研究，一般學者把&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1974&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;年在非洲東部衣索比亞大峽谷&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;(Great Rift Valley)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;發現的遺骸視為人類化石紀錄的開始。此骨骸是一個身材矮小用雙足走路的原始人，學者替她取名為露西&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;(Lucy)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;，腦容量只有&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;400c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;.c.(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;現代人平均腦容量&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1,360c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;.c.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;，實在還稱不上人類，然而也不算是猿猴，因為她具有一些顯著的「似人」特徵，尤其是她那挺直的步姿及骨盤和後齒形狀，學者稱為「天南人猿」。露西被古生人類學者承認為人類最早的直系祖先；大約&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬年前「巧能人」開始留下頭顱與骨骼化石，他們的腦容量約&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;700c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;.c.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;；繼巧能人而起的「直立人」具有&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;900c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;.c.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;腦容量，大約在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;160&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬年前開始出現在地球上。往後&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;100&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬年至&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬年間人類似乎沒有重大進化，然後直立人開始絕跡；接著古生人類學家所稱的「智人」開始非常緩慢的出現在地球。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: 30pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;有些證據顯示&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬至&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬年間地球上出現過一些古代智慧人類，可是至今尚無法釐清這些過渡人種與現代人類之間的關係。所謂智慧級人類的第一批人類就是出現在這段時間末期，他們遺留下來的骨骸殘缺不全，其中最古老的遺骸被推定為&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年前。根據化石顯示，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬年前至&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬年一個具有明顯特徵的人類亞種「尼安德塔人」&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;遺骸在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1857&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;年於德國尼安德塔谷地出土&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;開始出現，尼安德塔人身材魁梧、肌肉結實、額頭高聳、臉龐突出，具有比一般現代人還要大的腦容量&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1,400c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;.c.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;。在這段期間，「智人」逐漸崛起，從大約&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬年前開始留下遺骸化石，到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年前他們完全取代尼安德塔人，成為地球的主宰。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;地質時期&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: 30pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;在地質學與古代人類學中有一個奇異現象：最後一次冰河時期的開始與進展與現代人類的崛起與繁衍，在時間上幾乎不謀而合。在過去&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;73&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬年中至少有&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;次冰河期&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;(the ice age)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;交替，在北美洲最後一次冰河期被稱為「威斯康辛冰川作用」&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;(Wisconsin glaciation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;，地質學家研究威斯康辛洲的岩層而得名&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;，根據推算它的早期自&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年前，此後冰冠的推進和消退起伏不定，最快一次冰雪累積發生在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬至&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年前，大約在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年前冰川作用擴展到最大範圍，到了&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年前冰原開始消溶，至&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬年前整個威斯康辛冰川作用完全消失。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: 30pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;在歐洲的冰河時代被地質學界稱為「三天姆冰川作用」大約開始於&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬年前，到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年前達到頂點，然後迅速消退。冰河期發生的幾個關鍵階段：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: -9pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: -.6; mso-para-margin-left: 1.5gd;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;大約&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬年前，三天姆、威斯康辛和世界其他地區的冰川作用全面展開。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: -9pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: -.6; mso-para-margin-left: 1.5gd;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;大約&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年前冰原擴展至最大範圍。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: -9pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: -.6; mso-para-margin-left: 1.5gd;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;繼之而來的是長達&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年的冰川消溶時期。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: 30pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;冰河時期的交替持續進行著，目前正處於間冰期&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;(interglacial
stage)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;，據推估下一次冰河期在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年內，不過此項推估尚未將人類使用化石燃料導致全球暖化效應估算在內。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;人類與環境&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: 30pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;現代人類的崛起正好是在這段地質與氣候大變動時期，在最後一次冰河時期，地球上生靈遭受一連串災禍，在冰川消溶的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年，全球暖化，積雪迅速全面溶化，地球上想必是洪水四處氾濫，情況更為可怕。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: 30pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;以整個地球來說，最後一次冰河時代許多物種遭逢滅絕噩運，但大部分是在冰河時期的最後&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年，大約是在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年至&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬年前之間。依據達爾文在「日誌」指出，這段期間&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;70&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;多種大型哺乳動物遭逢滅絕，相對之下在此之前的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬年之中，從地球消失的動物大約只&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;種。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年更是此時期災情最嚴重時期，在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年中災情最慘重的地區是阿拉斯加與西伯利亞北部。依據北極生物研究所的葛斯瑞博士提出&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年前在阿拉斯加生活的動物非常多，包括駱駝、獅子、雪貂等。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: 30pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;另根據證實，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年前居住在西伯利亞的動物包括奧西普巨象、巨鹿、土狼和獅子等&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;34&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;種動物，其中至少&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;28&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;種只適合溫帶地區。這個現象證明那些地區的氣候，以往並不那麼寒冷。根據大量證據顯示，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年前氣溫驟降，許多絕種動物死前所吃食物還來不及消化，在巨象中的肚子中找到野草、風信子、菖蒲等，尚保存良好，然而這些值物若現在於西伯利亞是不可能生長的。這些證據均顯示，在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年至&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年氣候發生遽變，嚴寒氣候突然降臨西伯利亞，很快把這塊土地變成凍原。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: 30pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;在這&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年間氣候遽變的原因為何？許多證據顯示，在這段期間「火山活動格外頻繁」。在著名的拉勃里亞&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;(La Brea)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;焦油坑中挖掘出野牛、馬、駱駝、巨象等動物遺骸以及一副人類骨骸全身被瀝青包裹，顯示的確發生過一場突然降臨災情嚴重的火山爆發。火山爆發的結果，首先冰川作用分別進行，因為陽光被火山噴出的熾熱煙霧阻隔，使原本的低溫更加迅速降低。同時，火山將大量二氧化碳噴進大氣中，產生溫室效應，所以火山平靜後氣溫開始迅速回升。部分學者認為，大冰原的持續擴展與消退，肇因於火山活動與氣候之間有如拉鋸戰般的互動。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: 30pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;地質學家都同意&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬年前最後一次冰河期總算結束了，然而在結束前的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年都是氣候和地質變動最劇烈時期，依據地質學家英柏瑞&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;(John
Imbrie)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年前大西洋的海水溫度驟然上升攝氏&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;度。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;未完待續&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: 30pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 28.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 24pt; text-indent: -28.05pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;參考資料&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 24pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;上帝的指紋，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1997&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;Graham Hancock&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;著，李永平譯，台灣先智。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;ISBN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;9579929025)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 24pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;上一次文明，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;，雷升著，台灣先智。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;ISBN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;9868151422)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; </description>
		<pubDate>2015-03-26 17:12:44GMT</pubDate>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>正視世界水危機</title>
		<link>http://lms.hust.edu.tw/7935/doc/24573</link>
		<description>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 9pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: 30pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;第五屆世界水資源論壇&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;(The 5th World
Water Forum)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;，各國代表承諾將致力解決十億人類需求，提供潔淨用水與加強公共衛生，並對抗乾旱和水的問題。世界變得「平坦」之後，全球化愈加明顯，全人類更加禍福與共，飢餓、乾旱和水災是不分國界的，應提早預為因應&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;相關資訊可上官方網站：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldwaterforum5.org/&quot;&gt;http://www.worldwaterforum5.org/&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;。讓我感到興趣的是，本屆論壇所同步發布的聯合國「世界水資源發展報告」（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;World Water Development Report, WWDR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;），有關淡水水資源的分析報導。令人震驚的是，報告中指出如果當前水資源持續消耗下去，直至&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;年，地球將有&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;2/3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;的人類將深陷水資源危機之中。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 9pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;水的稀有性&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: 30pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;本次論壇也再次重申淡水資源的稀少性，質優量穩的水資源不但能提供人類基本生活需求，也是確保糧食供應及保育生態系統健全不可或缺的重要天然資源。根據聯合國去年公布的「世界人口展望」指標，全球人口數量將在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;2050&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;年達&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;91&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;億，比目前&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;(65&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;億&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;上升&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;％。當地球變「擠」了，全球淡水用量自然加速增長。全球用水量在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;世紀增加了&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;倍，其中工業用水增加&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;倍，特別在近&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;年間，全球用水量每年皆以&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;％&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;~8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;％的速度持續遞增，淡水供需即將失衡。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1998 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;年&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;4 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;月在德國波昂舉行的「全球水政策－跨國水資源管理合作會議」則指出：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;世紀是石油掌握發展機制的世紀，而&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;21&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;世紀將成為水資源爭奪的世紀。由今年&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;月，瑞士達沃斯世界經濟年會報告更進一步語出驚人的表示，全球正面臨「水破產」危機，水資源今後可能比石油還更加昂貴。越來越多學術論文、社論與官方報告皆紛紛提出相關警訊，普遍認為水資源的危機已嚴重到動搖建立人類社會的資源根基&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;(WMO, 1997)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;；甚至將引發使用者之間、區域之間與國家之間的衝突。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;(IPCC, 1997)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: 30pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;依據聯合國的預估，未來部分乾旱和半乾旱地區水資源對人口流動產生重大影響特別在非洲撒哈拉沙漠區域，此現象將特別嚴重，預計將有&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;2400&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;萬到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;億人會因缺水而離鄉背井&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;(UN, 2009)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;。當世界變「熱」後所導致的全球氣候變遷，地球的水量也不會變少，會改變的是水資源隨時間與空間分佈的變化性將較過去更為險峻且難以掌握，無疑地，氣候變遷將更強化水資源的不確定性。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: 30pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;台灣或許不必過度悲觀，但卻絕對沒有樂觀的條件，針對此一警訊，對目前面臨供水緊迫的台灣而言，具有高度的警示作用，我們應提早規劃，尋求永續水資源策略。當地球變得「熱、平、擠」後，水資源的影響將更為廣泛而不容小覷，我們應先審視人類與環境間的關係，再謀求解決之道。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 9pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;人類與環境&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: 30pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;地球在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;46&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;億年前大爆炸&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;(Big Bang)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;後產生，它原來是個火球，在地殼冷卻後逐漸產生了大氣，又在偶然機緣下產生了生命。從大尺度而言，地質與氣候相互的影響地球環境，人類在相對上過於渺小，地球輕輕的呼口氣，對於人類都是不可承受的重。自有地球以來，無論是小行星或慧星撞地球與大規模火山爆發，均會干擾地球天氣系統，也造成生物的大滅絕。人類的文明大約有&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;千年的歷史，地球在最近一次冰河期後，地球暖化，較適合人類的生存與發展，因此人類文明得以迅速發展。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: 30pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;然而人類為了生存，必須利用地球資源，在過於迅速與超限的耗竭地球資源後，對於較小尺度而言，小區域的生態環境遭受破壞，某些文明即崩解消失。近年來人類科技進步，故破壞地球生態環境範圍更大，已擴及整個地球的生態與氣候，故造成文明的崩解，也將是全球性的。因此對於人類的生存而言，從大尺度的天災到較小尺度的人禍，均會破壞人類賴以生存的環境，目前全球暖化的議題，對於人類破壞地球環境各種衝擊而言，是尺度與範圍最大的，因此也最值得重視。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 26pt; text-indent: 30pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&#039;font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#039;&gt;從今天起，將一系列說明這些天災與人禍對全人類環境的影響，以及水資源因應的策略，敬請期待。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt; </description>
		<pubDate>2015-03-10 23:32:10GMT</pubDate>
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